Air conditioning apparatus in plant cultivation

ABSTRACT

In an air conditioning apparatus, mixed ambient gas obtained by mixing carbon dioxide with ambient gas in a mixing unit communicating with outlets and, moreover, adjusting temperature and humidity of the mixed ambient gas is supplied to a plant substantially uniformly through the outlets installed in the vicinity of the plant, which makes transpiration of leaves of the plant uniform, and further allows air conditioning control to be performed only over the vicinity of the plant and carbon gas concentration to be managed on the same.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an air conditioning apparatus in plantcultivation that realizes air conditioning control only over a vicinityof a plant and growth promotion of the plant at the same time in a plantfactory.

BACKGROUND ART

As to a conventional air conditioning method in a plant factory, thereis an air conditioning method of, for example, Patent Literature 1 as amethod of performing air conditioning control over a whole cultivationroom by an air conditioner provided on a wall surface, or a method ofinstalling circulation fans in a multistage cultivation shelf to performair conditioning control over the respective stages in constant flows.

FIG. 6 is a view showing an air conditioning method of PatentLiterature 1. An arrow shows a direction of air-flows. Plants areplanted and cultivated in cell trays 27 installed in box-shaped raisingseedling apparatuses 22. In this air conditioning method, air subjectedto cooling and humidity conditioning by an indoor unit 21 of an airconditioning apparatus provided on a wall surface of an enclosedstructure 20 is sucked from a front surface side of the box-shapedraising seedling apparatuses 22 by activation of air fans 25 installedin a back surface of a raising seedling shelf 26 to be exhausted to aspace between the wall surface of the enclosed structure 20 and the backsurfaces of the box-shaped raising seedling apparatuses 22 via air rooms24. The air exhausted to this space has been heated by heat generated byartificial lighting apparatuses 28, temperature and humidity thereof arereadjusted by the indoor unit 21 of the air conditioning apparatus, andthe air is repeatedly resupplied to an open front surface side ofraising seedling spaces 23 of the box-shaped raising seedlingapparatuses 22.

Moreover, generally, the air whose temperature, humidity, and carbondioxide concentration have been adjusted are supplied to leaves andstems at a proper wind velocity during plant raising, by whichtranspiration of the leaves in the plants is promoted, andphotosynthesis is also promoted.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a correlation between a wind velocity and atranspiration rate described in Non-Patent Literature 1. In anenvironment of an ambient temperature of 25 degrees, the transpirationrate one hour later in an area 10 cm×10 cm of a central portion of aleave of a plant is shown, when the wind velocity is changed in thevicinity of the leave of the plant under three conditions of relativehumidities of 50%, 65% and 80%.

Referring to FIG. 7, a minimum wind velocity effective to thetranspiration of the leave of the plant is 0.05 m/sec. Moreover, whilean optimum wind velocity differs depending on the humidity condition,the transpiration rate is increased by raising the wind velocity in thevicinity of the plant.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.2003-52253

Non Patent Literature

Non-Patent Literature 1: Studies on the Effect of Wind Speed upon thePhotosynthesis (2), The Relation between Wind Speed and Photosynthesisby Kazutoshi YABUKI and Hideo MIYAGAWA, Agricultural Meteorology Vol.26, No. 3, p. 139, December 1970)

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

In the conventional air conditioning method, as shown in FIG. 6, sincethe structure is such that the air is sucked from the open front surfaceside of the raising seedling spaces 23 of the box-shaped raisingseedling apparatuses 22 and is exhausted by the air fans 25 installed inthe back surface of the raising seedling shelf 26, an air current isconstantly unidirectional. Moreover, as the plants planted in the celltrays 27 are growing, the plants become obstructions of the air current.With the individual plant or in view of the whole raising seedling space23, a wind velocity difference occurs between a windward side and aleeward side, thereby causing a surface against which the wind effectiveto the transpiration sufficiently blows and a surface against which therelevant wind does not sufficiently blow. Thus, there is a problem thatan adverse effect such as variation in transpiration rate is caused.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve theabove-described problem, and to provide an conditioning apparatus inplant cultivation that performs air conditioning control and carbondioxide concentration management only over a space necessary for theplant cultivation to thereby reduce an air conditioning load, and thatfurther uniformly supplies wind and carbon dioxide to a whole plant tothereby suppress variation in transpiration.

Solution to Problem

In order to solve the above-described problem, the present invention isconstituted as follows.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is an airconditioning apparatus in plant cultivation that supplies air whosetemperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration are adjustedonly to a vicinity of a plant, the air conditioning apparatuscomprising:

a carbon dioxide generating unit that generates carbon dioxide whoseconcentration is adjusted;

an air supply unit that supplies ambient gas or outer air whosetemperature and humidity are adjusted;

a mixing unit coupled to the carbon dioxide generating unit through afirst duct, coupled to the air supply unit through a second duct, andconfigured to mix the carbon dioxide generated from the carbon dioxidegenerating unit and the ambient gas or the outer air supplied from theair supply unit, to form a mixed ambient gas; and

connection pipes coupled to the mixing unit, and having a plurality ofoutlets that supply the mixed ambient gas to the vicinity of the plant,wherein

at least the three or more outlets are included for one hole for plantplanting of a plant cultivation apparatus, and the outlets are installedso that angles formed by centers of the adjacent outlets and a center ofthe hole for plant planting are equiangular or less than substantially180 degrees.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

According to the air conditioning apparatus that performs an airconditioning control only over the vicinity of the plant, and suppliescarbon dioxide only to the same in the above-described aspect of thepresent invention, an air conditioning load and an input of carbondioxide can be largely reduced, and uniformizing a transpiration ratecan suppress variation in growth.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

These and other aspects and features of the present invention willbecome clear from the following description taken in conjunction withthe preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an air conditioning apparatus carryingout an air conditioning method of a first embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a basic analysis model in the air conditioningmethod of the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view along A-A in FIG. 2 of thebasic analysis model in the air conditioning method of the firstembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a configuration view when an exhaust unit is additionallyinstalled above a plant in a first modification of the first embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a configuration view when auxiliary outlets are installed inthe first modification of the first embodiment of the present invention:

FIG. 6 is a view showing a conventional air conditioning methoddescribed in Patent Literature 1; and

FIG. 7 is a view showing a relation between a wind velocity and atranspiration rate described in Non-Patent Literature 1.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioning apparatus in plant cultivationaccording to a first embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the air conditioning apparatus when theair conditioning apparatus in the plant cultivation is applied to ahydroponic apparatus, the air conditioning apparatus carrying out an airconditioning method in the plant cultivation in the first embodiment ofthe present invention. In FIG. 1, others than configurations regardingthe air conditioning apparatus carrying out the air conditioning methodof the first embodiment of the present invention, such as those of acultivation bed, a raising seedling shelf, and the like, are omitted. Acultivation panel 7 constituting a part of a plant cultivation apparatussuch as the cultivation bed, the raising seedling shelf, and the like isprovided with a circular hole for plant planting 8 in a center thereofto arrange a plant in the circular hole for plant planting 8.

The air conditioning apparatus carrying out the air conditioning methodin the foregoing aspect of the present invention is constituted by ablower 30, connection pipes 5, and outlets 6. The blower 30 includes anair supply unit 1, a carbon dioxide generating unit 2, and a mixing unit3. The air supply unit 1 and the carbon dioxide generating unit 2 arecoupled to the mixing unit 3 through first and second ducts 4 a, 4 b,respectively.

The air supply unit 1 has a function of adjusting temperature andhumidity, and supplies, to the mixing unit 3 through the first duct 4 a,the air (ambient gas or outer air) whose temperature and humidity havebeen adjusted.

The carbon dioxide generating unit 2 generates carbon dioxide andadjusts concentration of the carbon dioxide to supply the carbondioxide, which has been generated and whose concentration has beenadjusted, to the mixing unit 3 through the second duct 4 b.

In the mixing unit 3, the carbon dioxide generated from the carbondioxide generating unit 2 and the air whose temperature and humidityhave been adjusted by the air supply unit 1 are mixed.

The outlets 6 of the air are installed in the vicinity of the plant ofthe cultivation panel 7.

As to the connection pipes 5, one end thereof communicates with theplurality of outlets 6, and the other end thereof is coupled to themixing unit 3 of the blower 30. Thus, mixed ambient gas, which has beenmixed in the mixing unit 3, in other words, the air is guided to theoutlets 6 installed in the cultivation panel 7 through the connectionpipes 5, and is supplied to the plant through the outlets 6 upward frombelow. For example, in FIG. 1, in a circular pipe portion 5 a installedin the cultivation panel 7, the three outlets 6 are arranged at regularintervals around the plant in the cultivation panel 7. An opening heightof each of the outlets 6 maybe, for example, a height up to a firstdivided portion DV₁ of a plant model 9 described later.

Alternatively, with the connection pipes 5, the respective outlets 6 andthe mixing unit 3 of the blower 30 may be coupled one by one.

In the case where the air conditioning method of the first embodiment ofthe present invention is applied to soil cultivation or othercultivation methods, the cultivation panel 7 or the circular hole forplant planting 8 provided at the center of the cultivation panel 7 so asto penetrate the cultivation panel 7 maybe replaced in accordance withthe applied cultivation method as needed. For example, in the soilcultivation, the cultivation panel 7 is unnecessary, and the hole forplant planting 8 maybe replaced by a position where the plant isplanted.

FIGS. 2 and 3 are views each showing a basic analysis model for findingan optimum installation condition of the air conditioning apparatuscarrying out the air conditioning method in the first embodiment of thepresent invention. FIG. 2 is a top view of the basic analysis model.FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view along A-A in FIG. 2 of thebasic analysis model. In the basic analysis model, the blower 30 and theconnection pipes 5 are omitted.

Referring to FIG. 2, the plant is modeled on the assumption that theplant has a spherical form having a diameter D₁=100 mm. This plant model9 is planted in the circular hole for plant planting 8 provided in thecenter of the cultivation panel 7, and is arranged so that a center of asphere of the plant model 9 and a center of the circular hole for plantplanting 8 are identical.

The four outlets 6 are installed at intervals of a substantially equalangle on a circumference of a diameter D₂=150 mm of a pipe centralcircle of the pipe portion 5 a, which is a concentric circle with thecircular hole for plant planting 8 processed in the cultivation panel 7,and a wind velocity of the air supplied through the outlets 6 is set to0.5 m/sec immediately after the outlets 6.

A direction of the air supplied to the plant model 9 through each of theoutlets 6 is decided by combination of a horizontal angle θ₁ and avertical angle θ₂.

Here, as to the horizontal angle θ₁, an angle when the outlet 6 isdirected toward the center of the hole for plant planting 8 is 0 degreeswith a line connecting the center of the hole for plant planting 8 andthe center of the outlet 6 used as a reference, and a clockwisedirection at the time of rotation around the outlet 6 is defined aspositive. Moreover, as for the vertical angle θ₂, an angle when theoutlet 6 is directed toward the hole for plant planting 8 in ahorizontal direction is 0 degrees with a top surface of the outlet 6used as a reference, and a vertical upward angle is defined as positive.

Moreover, in order to find an optimum installation condition necessaryfor the air conditioning apparatus carrying out the air conditioningmethod of the first embodiment of the present invention, analysis isrespectively conducted, with the basic analysis model as a reference,utilizing general-purpose thermofluid analysis software “STREAM”(product name, Registered Trademark) manufactured by Software CradleCo., Ltd. for the horizontal angle θ₁, the vertical angle θ₂ arrangementof the outlets 6, and the number of the outlets 6 by changing theconditions as follows.

(1) Conditions obtained by combining five conditions that the horizontalangle θ₁ is set to 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 25 degrees, 35 degrees, and 45degrees, and six conditions that the vertical angle θ₂ is set to 15degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, and 80 degrees.

(2) Six conditions that the three, four, six, eight, twelve, and sixteenoutlets 6 are installed at intervals of an equal angle on the concentriccircle with the center of the circular hole for plant planting 8.

(3) Five conditions that the pipe central circle of the pipe portion 5 awhere the outlets 6 are arranged is a concentric circle with the holefor plant planting 8, and the diameter D₂ of the relevant pipe centralcircle is set to 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, and 250 mm.

As a determination reference of the presence or absence of an effect inthe first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, thespherical plant model 9 is virtually divided into six substantiallyevenly in a horizontal direction, and the portions are defined as afirst divided portion DV₁ to a sixth divided portion DV₆ from thebottom, respectively. An average wind velocity on a surface in each ofthe divided portions DV₁ to DV₆ of the divided plant model 9 isevaluated. Here, attention is paid to the divided portion DV₃ on a thirdstep from the bottom and the fourth divided portion DV₄ on a fourth stepfrom the bottom. From the drawing of the correlation between the windvelocity and the transpiration rate described in Non-Patent Literature 1of FIG. 7, a condition is found in which the average wind velocities onthe respective surfaces of the third divided portion DV₃ and the fourthdivided portion DV₄ become the wind velocity of 0.05 m/sec, which has aminimum effect on the transpiration of the plant, or higher. A casewhere both of the average wind velocities on the surfaces of the thirddivided portion DV₃ and the fourth divided portion DV₄ exceed 0.05 m/secis defined as “O”, a case where any one of the average wind velocitieson the surfaces of the third divided portion DV₃ and the fourth dividedportion DV₄ exceeds 0.05 m/sec is defined as “Δ”, and a case where bothof the average wind velocities on the surfaces of the third dividedportion DV₃ and the fourth divided portion DV₄ are lower than 0.05 m/secis defined as “×”, and results thereof will be described.

TABLE 1 Vertical angle θ₂ 15 30 45 60 75 80 degrees degrees degreesdegrees degrees degrees Hori-  0 X ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Δ zon- degrees tal 15 Δ ◯ ◯ ◯◯ Δ angle degrees θ₁ 25 Δ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Δ degrees 35 Δ Δ ◯ ◯ ◯ X degrees 45 XX ◯ ◯ Δ X degrees

Table 1 is a table in which analysis results are compiled, based on thedetermination reference in the combination of the horizontal angle θ₁and the vertical angle θ₂.

Referring to table 1, as to angular ranges of the horizontal angle θ₁and the vertical angle θ₂, when the horizontal angle θ₁ is 0 degrees ormore and 25 degrees or less, the vertical angle θ₂ becomes 30 degrees ormore and 75 degrees or less. Moreover, when the horizontal angle θ₁ isabove 25 degrees and 35 degrees or less, the vertical angle θ₂ becomes45 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less. When the horizontal angle θ₁is above 35 degrees and 45 degrees or less, the vertical angle θ₂becomes 45 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less. The above-describedsetting of the angular ranges of the horizontal angle θ₁ and thevertical angle θ₂ can assure the wind velocity 0.05 m/sec, which has theminimum effect on the transpiration of the plant, or higher.

Furthermore, since in view of achievement of a desired effect describedlater, blowing directions of the air supplied from all the outlets 6need to be unidirectional, it is desirable that a code of the horizontalangle θ₁ is identical in the respective outlets 6, and the horizontalangles θ₁ and the vertical angles θ₂ are identical in the desirableangular ranges in the respective installed outlets 6. This is because ifthe codes of the horizontal angles of the adjacent outlets 6 aredifferent from each other the air supplied from the adjacent outletscollides, thereby disabling the air to be uniformly supplied to theplant.

The horizontal angle θ₁ and the vertical angle θ₂ may be arbitraryangles within the angular ranges in each of the outlets 6, and thehorizontal angle θ₁ may be an angle in a negative direction.

TABLE 2 Diameter D₂ (unit: mm) 50 100 150 200 250 Evaluation Δ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯result

Table 2 is a table in which the analysis results are compiled, based onthe determination reference with reference to the diameter D₂ of theconcentric circle.

Referring to table 2, it is desirable that the outlets 6 are installedin a range where the diameter D₂ of the concentric circle is 100 mm ormore and 250 or less, and if a ratio between the range of the diameterD₂ of the concentric circle and the diameter D1 of the plant isexpressed as D₂/D₁, a range of D₂/D₁ becomes 1.0 or more and 2.5 orless.

TABLE 3 Evaluation result Number of 2 X outlets 3 ◯ 4 ◯ 6 ◯ 8 ◯ 12 ◯ 16◯

Moreover, table 3 is a table in which the number of the outlets 6 iscompiled based on the determination reference.

Referring to table 3, as to the number of the outlets 6, in the resultsof all the cases, the wind velocity becomes 0.05 m/sec, which has theminimum effect on the transpiration, or higher, and influence byincreasing the number of the outlets 6 is small.

However, when the number of the outlets 6 is two or less, the air cannotbe uniformly supplied.

From the foregoing, it is desirable that all the outlets 6 are installedon the one concentric circle centering on the circular hole for plantplanting 8, and the ratio D₂/D₁ between the diameter D₂ of theconcentric circle and the diameter D₁ of the plant is in the range of1.0 or more and 2.5 or less, and the angle formed by the centers of theadjacent two outlets 6 and the center of the hole for plant planting 8is less than substantially 180 degrees, and equiangularity is moredesirable.

Moreover, with the diameter D₂ of the installed outlets 6, therespective outlets 6 maybe arranged on a plurality of concentric circleswithin the above-described range of D₂/D₁.

According to the air conditioning apparatus that performs the airconditioning control only over the vicinity of the plant and suppliescarbon dioxide only to the same in the first embodiment of the presentinvention, the plant cultivation apparatus 7 includes at least the threeor more outlets 6 for one hole for plant planting 8, and the outlets 6are installed so that the angle formed by the centers of the adjacentoutlets 6 and the center of the hole for plant planting 8 is equiangularor less than substantially 180 degrees. This configuration can largelyreduce an air conditioning load and an input of the carbon dioxide, anduniformizing a transpiration rate can suppress variation in growth.

Moreover, in the first embodiment, if the horizontal angle is θ₁ and thevertical angle is θ₂ in the angle of the blowing of the mixed ambientgas supplied from the respective outlets 6, the outlets 6 are installedso that when the horizontal angle θ₁ is 0 degrees or more and 25 degreesor less, the vertical angle θ₂ becomes 30 degrees or more and 75 degreesor less, when the horizontal angle θ₁ is above 25 degrees and 35 degreesor less, the vertical angle θ₂ becomes 45 degrees or more and 75 degreesor less, and when the horizontal angle θ₁ is above 35 degrees and 45degrees or less, the vertical angle θ₂ becomes 45 degrees or more and 60degrees or less. In addition, the plurality of outlets 6 are arranged onthe concentric circle with the circular shape of the hole for plantplanting 8, and are installed so that the diameter D₂ of the concentriccircle is 1.0 time or more and 2.5 times or less as large as thediameter D₁ of the plant. This configuration can produce an effect ofincreasing the transpiration rate and promoting the growth of the plant.

Next, FIG. 4 is a view showing a method for supplying the air moreuniformly to the fourth to sixth divided portions DV₄ to DV₆ on fourthto sixth steps from the bottom of the divided portions in the plantmodel 9 in a first modification of the first embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 shows an air conditioning apparatus carrying out an airconditioning method characterized in that an exhaust unit 31 isadditionally installed at a position corresponding to an inner side ofthe plant model 9 above the plant model 9.

The exhaust unit 31 includes a circular exhaust port 10 arrangedsubstantially concentrically with the center of the circular hole forplant planting 8, and an exhaust fan 11 communicating with the exhaustport 10.

The air supplied from a lower side to an upper side of the plant by therespective outlets 6 is sucked by the exhaust fan 11 through the exhaustport 10. This allows the air currents from the respective outlets 6 toconverge on the exhaust port 10, which enables the more air to besupplied to the fifth divided portion DV₅ on the fifth step and thesixth divided portion DV₆ on the sixth step from the bottom of the plantmodel 9, so that the air can be supplied to the whole plant moreuniformly.

Next, FIG. 5 is a view showing a method of supplying the more air to thefirst divided portion DV₁ on the first step to the second dividedportion DV₃ on the third step from the bottom of the divided portions ofthe plant model 9 in a second modification of the first embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 5 shows an air conditioning apparatus carrying out an airconditioning method characterized in that within a range of a circlelarger than a circumference of the circular hole of plant planting 8, aplurality of auxiliary outlets 12 are additionally installed so that theratio D₂/D₁ between the diameter D₁ of the plant model 9 and thediameter D₂ of the arrangement of the outlets 6 is less than 1.0.

The auxiliary outlets 12 are coupled to the blower 30 through theconnection pipes 5 similarly to the outlets 6.

TABLE 4 Diameter of outlet arrangement 50 mm Divided DV₆ X portion DV₅ XDV₄ X DV₃ ◯ DV₂ ⊙ DV₁ ⊙

Table 4 is a table in which in the analysis results, as to the averagewind velocities of the respective divided portions DV₁ to DV₆ when thediameter D₁ is 50 mm, 0.1 m/sec or higher is “⊙” (double circle), 0.05m/sec or higher and lower than 0.1 m/sec is “◯” (circle), and lower than0.05 m/sec is “×”.

Referring to table 4, it is found that when D₂/D₁ is less than 1.0, themore air can be supplied to the first divided portion DV₁ on the firststep to the third divided portion DV₃ on the third step from the bottomin the divided portions of the plant model 9. Thus, the combination ofthe auxiliary outlets 12 and the outlets 6 enables the more air to besupplied to the first divided portion DV₁ on the first step to the firstdivided portion DV₃ on the third step from the bottom with respect tothe plant model 9, thereby allowing the air to be supplied to the wholeplant more uniformly.

As to each of the auxiliary outlets 12, the diameter D₂ of a concentriccircle thereof is larger than that of the hole for plant planting 8, andthe auxiliary outlets 12 are arranged within the range of less than 1.0time as large as the diameter D₁ of the plant, and are coupled to themixing unit 3 through the connection pipes 5 to auxiliarily supply themixed ambient gas to the plant. As to arrangement positions of theauxiliary outlets 12, at least the three or more auxiliary outlets 12may be arranged within the range. The auxiliary outlets 12 and theoutlets 6 need not be arranged at the same phase in the concentriccircles An opening height of the auxiliary outlets 12 may be, forexample, a height up to the first divided portion DV₁ of the plant.

The exhaust unit 31 and the auxiliary outlets 12 may be additionallyinstalled at the same time.

The above-described various embodiments or modifications may bearbitrarily combined as needed, which can exerts an effect that each ofthe combinations has.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

According to the air conditioning apparatus in the plant cultivationaccording to the above-described aspect of the present invention, an airconditioning load and an input of the carbon dioxide can be largelyreduced, and uniformizing the transpiration rate can suppress thevariation in growth. Thus, the air conditioning apparatus in the plantcultivation according to the above-described aspect of the presentinvention can be applied to, for example, the hydroponic method, thesoil cultivation method, or other cultivation methods, and similareffects can be obtained.

Although the present invention has been fully described in connectionwith the embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications areapparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications areto be understood as included within the scope of the present inventionas defined by the appended claims unless they depart therefrom.

1-9. (canceled)
 10. An air conditioning apparatus in plant cultivationthat supplies air whose temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxideconcentration are adjusted only to a vicinity of a plant, the airconditioning apparatus comprising: a carbon dioxide generating unit thatgenerates carbon dioxide whose concentration is adjusted; an air supplyunit that supplies ambient gas or outer air whose temperature andhumidity are adjusted; a mixing unit coupled to the carbon dioxidegenerating unit through a first duct, coupled to the air supply unitthrough a second duct, and configured to mix the carbon dioxidegenerated from the carbon dioxide generating unit and the ambient gas orthe outer air supplied from the air supply unit, to form a mixed ambientgas; and connection pipes coupled to the mixing unit, and having aplurality of outlets that supply the mixed ambient gas to the vicinityof the plant, wherein at least the three or more outlets are includedfor one hole for plant planting of a plant cultivation apparatus, andthe outlets are installed so that angles formed by centers of theadjacent outlets and a center of the hole for plant planting areequiangular or less than substantially 180 degrees.
 11. The airconditioning apparatus according to claim 10, wherein when in angles ofa blowing direction of the mixed ambient gas supplied through theoutlets, a horizontal angle is θ1, and a vertical angle is θ2, and theoutlets are each installed so that when the horizontal angle θ1 is 0degrees or more and 25 degrees or less, the vertical angle θ2 becomes 30degrees or more and 75 degrees or less, when the horizontal angle θ1 isabove 25 degrees and 35 degrees or less, the vertical angle θ2 becomes45 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less, and when the horizontal angleθ1 is above 35 degrees and 45 degrees or less, the vertical angle θ2becomes 45 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less.
 12. The airconditioning apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the plurality ofoutlets are arranged on a concentric circle with a circular shape of thehole for plant planting, and are arranged so that a diameter D2 of theconcentric circle is 1.0 time or more and 2.5 times or less as large asa diameter D1 of the plant.
 13. The air conditioning apparatus accordingto claim 11, wherein the plurality of outlets are arranged on aconcentric circle with a circular shape of the hole for plant planting,and are arranged so that a diameter D2 of the concentric circle is 1.0time or more and 2.5 times or less as large as a diameter D1 of theplant.
 14. The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 10, furthercomprising an exhaust unit that is arranged above the plant cultivationapparatus and performs exhaust.
 15. The air conditioning apparatusaccording to claim 11, further comprising an exhaust unit that isarranged above the plant cultivation apparatus and performs exhaust. 16.The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 12, further comprisingan exhaust unit that is arranged above the plant cultivation apparatusand performs exhaust.
 17. The air conditioning apparatus according toclaim 13, further comprising an exhaust unit that is arranged above theplant cultivation apparatus and performs exhaust.
 18. The airconditioning apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising aplurality of auxiliary outlets in which a diameter D2 of a concentriccircle thereof is larger than a diameter of the hole for plant planting,the auxiliary outlets being arranged within a range of less than 1.0time as large as a diameter D1 of the plant, and being coupled to themixing unit through the connection pipe to supply the mixed ambient gasto the plant.
 19. The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 11,further comprising a plurality of auxiliary outlets in which a diameterD2 of a concentric circle thereof is larger than a diameter of the holefor plant planting, the auxiliary outlets being arranged within a rangeof less than 1.0 time as large as a diameter D1 of the plant, and beingcoupled to the mixing unit through the connection pipe to supply themixed ambient gas to the plant.
 20. The air conditioning apparatusaccording to claim 12, further comprising a plurality of auxiliaryoutlets in which the diameter D2 of the concentric circle thereof islarger than a diameter of the hole for plant planting, the auxiliaryoutlets being arranged within a range of less than 1.0 time as large asthe diameter D1 of the plant, and being coupled to the mixing unitthrough the connection pipe to supply the mixed ambient gas to theplant.
 21. The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 13, furthercomprising a plurality of auxiliary outlets in which the diameter D2 ofthe concentric circle thereof is larger than a diameter of the hole forplant planting, the auxiliary outlets being arranged within a range ofless than 1.0 time as large as the diameter D1 of the plant, and beingcoupled to the mixing unit through the connection pipe to supply themixed ambient gas to the plant.
 22. The air conditioning apparatusaccording to claim 14, further comprising a plurality of auxiliaryoutlets in which a diameter D2 of a concentric circle thereof is largerthan a diameter of the hole for plant planting, the auxiliary outletsbeing arranged within a range of less than 1.0 time as large as adiameter D1 of the plant, and being coupled to the mixing unit throughthe connection pipe to supply the mixed ambient gas to the plant. 23.The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 15, further comprisinga plurality of auxiliary outlets in which a diameter D2 of a concentriccircle thereof is larger than a diameter of the hole for plant planting,the auxiliary outlets being arranged within a range of less than 1.0time as large as a diameter D1 of the plant, and being coupled to themixing unit through the connection pipe to supply the mixed ambient gasto the plant.
 24. The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 16,further comprising a plurality of auxiliary outlets in which thediameter D2 of the concentric circle thereof is larger than a diameterof the hole for plant planting, the auxiliary outlets being arrangedwithin a range of less than 1.0 time as large as the diameter D1 of theplant, and being coupled to the mixing unit through the connection pipeto supply the mixed ambient gas to the plant.
 25. The air conditioningapparatus according to claim 17, further comprising a plurality ofauxiliary outlets in which the diameter D2 of the concentric circlethereof is larger than a diameter of the hole for plant planting, theauxiliary outlets being arranged within a range of less than 1.0 time aslarge as the diameter D1 of the plant, and being coupled to the mixingunit through the connection pipe to supply the mixed ambient gas to theplant.